John L. Gustafson, Stuart Hawkinson, and Ken Scott
"The Architecture of a Homogeneous Vector Supercomputer,"
Proceedings of the 1986 International Conference on Parallel Processing; IEEE.

In 1986, Gustafson proposed that a supercomputer be built with hundreds of standard rack cabinets containing commodity VLSI processors, filling a building. In an era when a "supercomputer" was something like a Cray-X/MP, this idea was regarded as ridiculous and outrageous at the time. About four copies of the "T-Series" system described in the paper were sold commercially to early adopters. Now virtually all of the world's top supercomputers are built with hundreds of standard rack cabinets containing commodity VLSI processors."

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